What is reconstructive jaw surgery?

Reconstructive jaw surgery, or orthognathic surgery, is a maxillofacial procedure that is performed in order to correct problems with the form and function of the jawbones.

Who may benefit from reconstructive jaw surgery?

• Patients with congenital or developmental jaw problems or deformities, including cleft lip/palate conditions

• Patients with a severe over- or under-bite, as caused by a deficiency or excess of jawbone tissue

• Patients with traumatic facial injuries to the jawbones

What is involved in the surgery procedure?

Reconstructive jaw surgery can be performed on the lower jaw (mandible), the upper jaw (maxilla), and the surrounding facial structures. Reconstructive jaw surgery is normally performed under general anesthesia on an in-patient basis.

Reconstructive jaw surgery is performed by a surgeon that cuts the jawbone(s) using a procedure called osteotomy and permanently repositions the structure of the jaw. The bone structure is held in place with titanium plates, wires, and screws. Sometimes arch bars are also utilized during reconstructive jaw surgery in order to provide greater stability and support.

There are a number of special techniques that may be used during reconstructive jaw surgery:

• Distraction: a device is used to slowly expand the jaw area until the new or repositioned jawbones grows stronger

• Bone graft: a bone graft may be necessary for people suffering from infections or bone deficiencies.

What is unequal jaw growth?

Jaw growth is a slow and gradual process. Occasionally, something may go wrong with this process and the upper and lower jaws may grow at different rates.

As a result of unequal jaw growth, one may have abnormalities including:

• Improper teeth alignment, speaking and/or chewing

• The tongue and lips may be forced to move awkwardly during speech and swallowing

• There may be a speech defect or excessive mouth breathing

An improper bite may threaten the long-term health of the gums and teeth. The jaw joint (TMJ) can also be adversely affected by a jaw malrelationship. In addition, jaws of different sizes—that don’t match—can affect appearance.

How is unequal jaw growth corrected?

Corrective jaw surgery involves moving all or part of the upper and/or lower jaw into a more favorable position. For example, the entire jaw can be moved backward if it’s too large. The goal of treatment is to improve function and restore facial balance.

Some people have facial abnormalities involving just the upper face, cheekbones and nose which can also be surgically corrected. The bones are repositioned so the facial features are more symmetrical.
After the jaws are moved into their new position, rubber bands or wires attached to the teeth may be used to fasten the jaws together during healing. Alternatively, rigid internal fixation with miniature screws and plates may be used to allow you to open and close your jaws sooner after corrective surgery.